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Spread of resistant bacteria to other animals on the farm via interaction with contaminated animals
Spread of resistant bacteria to consumers via contaminated products
Spread of resistant bacteria to farm workers and food processors via handling of contaminated animals or meat
Spread of resistant bacteria to soil, well, water and water runo via contaminated animal waste
Spread of resistant bacteria to fruits and vegetables
Spread of resistant bacteria to the aquatic environment
Antibiotic is given to animals to prevent or treat disease
Bacterial populations in farm animals (resistant and susceptible)
Animals are given feed or water treated with antibiotics for growth promotion
Antibiotic selects for resistant bacteria
Resistant bacteria in animal may cause disease or infection
Bacteria transfer resistance genes to other bacteria
Resistant disease or infection may develop in humans
Australia’s ‘National Antimicrobial Resistance Strategy – 2020 and Beyond’ was Possible spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from animals to humans. released in March 2020.
World Antimicrobial Awareness Week 2020
A JOINT statement was released in November by Australia’s acting chief medical officer professor Paul Kelly and the chief veterinary officer Dr Mark Schipp to mark World Antimicrobial Awareness Week 2020.
bial resistance is a serious problem.
reduce antimicrobial re- sistance, follow these easy steps:
antimicrobials in the first instance.
Antimicrobials are used against bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites, which can make us sick.
However, there is evi- dence that we continue to use them incorrectly.
• Ensure you always follow the advice of your health professional and veterinarian when using antimicrobials
Find out more about an- timicrobial resistance and how it affects your life, the lives of our animals and our agriculture.
Antimicrobials are also used in animal and plant health.
We can do better.
• Prevent infections spreading in the first place and avoid using antimi- crobials through regular hand washing, coughing and sneezing into a tissue or your elbow, and keeping your vaccinations up to date
So, to reduce antimicro- bial resistance we need to recognise the intercon- nection between people, animals, plants and our shared environment.
Australia’s ‘National Antimicrobial Resist- ance Strategy – 2020 and Beyond’ was released in March 2020.
Antimicrobial resistance is a serious global threat to human and animal health.
This is called a ‘one health’ approach.
have animals
Antimicrobial resistance is a natural occurrence, but it gets worse when an- timicrobials are overused or used incorrectly.
It requires action by all Australian governments, industries, professionals, the research community and the general public.
Together we can reduce the risk of resistance if we handle antimicrobials with care.
Resistant microbes can then spread between people, animals and the environment and lead to resistant infections.
In the recent budget, the government announced $22.5 million over four years to support the im- plementation of this strategy.
It’s also important to know that not all sick people and animals need
For more information, visit amr.gov.au
Ross Cutler
Resistant infections lead to longer hospital stays, higher medical or veteri- nary costs, decreased pro- ductivity and increased risk of death.
The Federal Govern- ment will continue to lead Australia’s response to antimicrobial resistance, but we all share the re- sponsibility to only use antimicrobials when it is necessary and then as little as possible.
Antimicrobial resistance is a serious global threat to human and animal health.
Antimicrobials are im- portant medicines that have saved millions of lives.
• Only use antimicro- bials as directed
Trust your health pro- fessional and veterinarian, and don’t pressure them for antimicrobials.
Recent good news in re- lation to this issue has been a reduction in anti- microbial use in the Aus- tralian population.
• Don’t share antimicro- bials or save them for an- other time
If you or your animal is prescribed antimicrobials, fully follow the instruc- tions and only use anti- microbials that are pre- scribed.
It sets a 20-year vision to protect the health of humans, animals and the environment from antimi- crobial resistance.
• If you
in your care use good biosecurity, on-farm hy- giene, animal welfare and husbandry practices, keep their vaccinations up to date, provide appro- priate nutrition and clean housing, and seek advice from your local veteri- narian if they are sick.
We encourage all Aus- tralians to play their part in reducing antimicrobial resistance by developing good habits around con- trolling infection in them- selves and their animals.
Antibiotic classes
Species
Disease treatment
Disease prevention
Growth promotion
Humans
Aminoclycosides: gentamicin, neomycin, streptomycin
Beef cattle, goats, poultry, sheep, swine, certain plants
Yes
Yes
-
Yes
Penicillins: amoxicillin, ampicillin
Beef cattle, dairy cows, fowl, poultry, sheep, swine
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Cephalosporins, third generation: ceftiofur
Beef cattle, dairy cows, poultry, sheep, swine
Yes
Yes
-
Yes
Glycopeptides: Avoparcin, vancomycin
Poultry, swine
-
-
Yes
Yes
Macrolides: erythromycin, tilmicosin, tylosin
Beef cattle, poultry, swine
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Quinolones: (fluoroquinolones) sarafloxacin, enrofloxaxin
Beef cattle, poultry
Yes
Yes
-
Yes
Streptogramins: Virginiamycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin
Beef cattle, poultry, swine
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Carbapenems, lipopeptides, oxazolidinones, cycloserine, ethambutol, ethionamide, isoniazid, para-aminosalicyclic acid, pyrazinamide
-
-
-
Yes
Antimicrobial resistance is developing more rap- idly and quicker than new medicines are becoming available.
So that together we can
For people, antimicro-
Together we can reduce the risk of resistance if we handle antimicrobials with care.
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Antimicrobials classified by the World Health Organisation as critically important for humans.
Australian Pork Newspaper, December 2020 – Page 15