Page 15 - APN1022book

Role of different matrices for secondary spread of ASF
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through such sources as contaminated boots, tyres or hunting tools.
dressing the survival of the virus – persistence of viable virus – in different matrices and ecological conditions.
tivity in other scavenging invertebrates.
pecially in the wild. Ornithodoros ticks, strongly involved in the natural ASF transmis- sion cycle in Africa, do not occur in the currently affected parts of the Eu-
At feeding stations attended by many ani- mals, contamination by infected faeces or urine could increase the rate of secondary infections. Soil
Scavenging insects
In any case, scavenging insects are attracted to wild boars, thus in- creasing the contact rates between infectious car- casses and susceptible wild boars. Hematophagous insects and ticks
It has been hypoth- esised that ASFV can potentially survive in insects – adult or larval stages – scavenging on infectious carcasses.
ropean continent.
Fomites
Viral DNA has been detected in the soil after the removal of the body of an infected wild boar.
However, despite the fact that maggots of the green bottle fly – lucilla sericata – and blue bottle fly – calliphora vicina – have been detected as contaminated with ASF DNA, the presence of vi- able ASFV could not be proven.
The stable fly – sto- moxys calcitrans – is considered a mechanical vector of the virus ca- pable of carrying the virus for 48 hours but their role in the trans- mission cycle in Europe has not yet been fully investigated.
High environmental resistance of the virus implies that its trans- mission is possible via any fomite – including contaminated, non-living objects capable of car- rying infectious organ- isms, such as shoes, clothes, vehicles, knives or equipment.
Even when the carcass has been removed, the soil where it rested can remain contaminated.
More research is needed to understand the role of contaminated soil as a risk factor for disease transmission, ad-
The role played by other blood-feeding ar- thropods is unclear, es-
Food and kitchen waste
It is not known if the virus maintains its infec-
The high resistance of the virus means that thermally untreated food such as sausages, salami or ham, as well as food leftovers originating from infected animals – both domestic pigs and wild boars – and acci- dentally released into a wild boar habitat, can initiate an ASF epidemic.
At feeding stations attended by many animals, contamination by infected faeces or urine could increase the rate of secondary infections.
Infected wild boars could contaminate fresh vegetables – as in the case of green corn plants damaged by wild boars – adding grass or veg- etables to the feed of do- mestic pig should be for- bidden everywhere ASF is present in wild boar populations.
Food waste is consid- ered the main source of the virus in the long dis- tance spread of ASF. Grass and other fresh vegetables
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Australian Pork Newspaper, October 2022 – Page 15
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